This data is a 5km monthly hydrological data set, including grid runoff and evaporation (if evaporation is less than 0, it means condensation; if runoff is less than 0, it means precipitation is less than evaporation), simulated and output through the WEB-DHM distributed hydrological model of the Indus River basin, with temperature, precipitation, barometric pressure, etc. as input data.
WANG Lei, LIU Hu
The data set includes carbon isotope data of different regions of the Tibetan Plateau and different environmental (carbon isotope data of black carbon and organic carbon in aerosols from 10 typical stations of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, carbon isotope data of black carbon and water insoluble organic carbon in 11 snow pits in different years, and carbon isotope data of water-soluble organic carbon in monsoon precipitation from 11 stations of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas), All samples were collected at each site, and the content and δ 13C and Δ 14C data, which can be used to accurately assess the contribution proportion of atmospheric carbon aerosols, carbon particles deposited on glaciers and water-soluble organic carbon in precipitation from fossil fuels and biomass fuels.
LI Chaoliu
This data set includes the light absorption data of carbon components in the atmosphere and precipitation at typical stations on the Tibetan Plateau (Ranwu (2018-2021), Namco (2013-2016), Everest (2013-2016), Lulang (2015-2016)). All samples were collected on the spot from various sampling points. The concentrations of black carbon and water-soluble organic carbon, as well as the light absorption data were measured, using the index (MAC value) representing the light absorption capacity, The MAC values of light absorption of water-soluble organic carbon and black carbon are calculated. This data is of great significance for evaluating the radiative forcing of carbon particles in the atmosphere, and is an important basic data input for model simulation.
LI Chaoliu
The Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys ice velocity product is based on the Antarctic Ice Sheet Velocity and Mapping Project (AIV) data product, which is post-processed with advanced algorithms and numerical tools. The product is mapped using Sentinel-1/2/Landsat data and provides uniform, high-resolution (60m) ice velocity results for McMurdo Dry Valleys, covering the period from 2015 to 2020.
JIANG Liming JIANG Liming JIANG Liming
On the basis of RGI6.0, we use remote sensing and geographic information system technology to update the glacier inventory data in Alaska. The updated glacier inventory uses a data source for 2018 Landsat OLI spatial resolution 15m remote sensing image, and the method used is manual interpretation. The results show that the Alaska Glacier inventory includes 27043 glaciers with a total area of 81285km2. The uncertiany of this data is 4.3%. The data will provide important data support for the study of glacier change in Alaska and the regional and global impact of glacier change in the context of global change.
SHANGGUAN Donghui,
The extraction of glacier surface movement is of great significance in the study of glacier dynamics and material balance changes. In view of the shortcomings of the current application of autonomous remote sensing satellite data in glacier movement monitoring in China, the SAR data covering typical glaciers in alpine areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from 2019 to 2020 obtained under the GF-3 satellite FSI mode was used to obtain the glacier surface velocity distribution in the study area with the help of a parallel offset tracking algorithm. With its good spatial resolution, GF-3 image has significant advantages in extracting glacier movement with small scale and slow movement, and can better reflect the details and differences of glacier movement. This study is helpful to analyze the movement law and spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of glaciers in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau under the background of climate change.
YAN Shiyong
The data is an excel file, which includes four tables named as follows: Altay Snow DOC Time Series, Altay Snow Pit Data, Altay Snow MAC (absorption section) and Central Asia Mos Island Glacier BC, OC, DUST Data. Altay snow DOC table includes seven columns including sample number, sampling date, sampling time, sampling depth, DOC-PPM, BC-PPb and TN-PPM, and 47 sample data. Altay snow pit table includes 8 columns including snow pit number, sample number, sampling date, sampling time, sampling depth, DOC-PPM, BC-PPb and TN-PPM, and 238 sample data. Altay snow MAC table includes: sampling time, MAC and AAE, a total of three columns, and 46 sample data. The BC, OC and DUST data tables of glaciers in Central Asia's Muse Island include 8 columns: code no (sample number), Latitude (latitude), Longitude (longitude),/m a.s.l (altitude), snow type (snow type), BC, OC and DUST, which are analyzed by sampling time. There are 105 rows of data in total. Abbreviation explanation: DOC: Dissolved Organic Carbon MAC: mass absorption cross section BC: black carbon DUST: Dust OC: Organic carbon TN: Total Nitrogen PPM: ug g-1 (microgram per gram) PPb: ng g-1 (nanogram per gram)
ZHANG Yulan
This data is generated based on meteorological observation data, hydrological station data, combined with various assimilation data and remote sensing data, through the preparation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau multi-level hydrological model system WEB-DHM (distributed hydrological model based on water and energy balance) coupling snow, glacier and frozen soil physical processes. The time resolution is monthly, the spatial resolution is 5km, and the original data format is ASCII text format, Data types include grid runoff and evaporation (if evaporation is less than 0, it means condensation; if runoff is less than 0, it means precipitation is less than evaporation in the month). If the asc cannot be opened normally in arcmap, please top the first 5 lines of the asc file.
WANG Lei, CHAI Chenhao
According to the characteristics of terrain data related to different glacier regions, the elevation data of glacier regions are extracted using the established glacier elevation extraction method. The technical route mainly includes:, Using multi-source elevation difference correction method, DEMs registration and elevation correlation deviation correction are realized through Matlab programming, and finally the glacier elevation change from 1970 to 2000 is calculated; (2) Extracting glacier elevation change based on ICEsat data: First, convert GLA14 binary format data into ASCII text data using IDL Readers tool provided by NSIDC, then conduct saturation correction and post-processing of slope and cloud error elimination through Matlab programming, and use multi-source elevation difference correction method to achieve ICEsat and SRTM data registration and elevation related deviation correction, Finally, the annual change trend regression fitting method is used to obtain the elevation change of glaciers from 2003 to 2009; (3) According to two different types of glacier terrain data, the glacier elevation change is extracted.
ZHOU Jianmin
According to the characteristics of terrain data related to different glacier regions, the elevation data of glacier regions are extracted using the established glacier elevation extraction method. The technical route mainly includes:, Using multi-source elevation difference correction method, DEMs registration and elevation correlation deviation correction are realized through Matlab programming, and finally the glacier elevation change from 1970 to 2000 is calculated; (2) Extracting glacier elevation change based on ICEsat data: First, convert GLA14 binary format data into ASCII text data using IDL Readers tool provided by NSIDC, then conduct saturation correction and post-processing of slope and cloud error elimination through Matlab programming, and use multi-source elevation difference correction method to achieve ICEsat and SRTM data registration and elevation related deviation correction, Finally, the annual change trend regression fitting method is used to obtain the elevation change of glaciers from 2003 to 2009; (3) According to two different types of glacier terrain data, the glacier elevation change is extracted.
ZHOU Jianmin
Glaciers are sensitive to climate change. With global warming, the melting of glaciers continues to accelerate all over the world. Surging glaciers are glaciers with intermittent and periodic acceleration, which is a sensitive indicator of climate change. Based on Landsat and Sentinel satellite images from 1980s to 2020, the study area images were obtained by filtering, stitching, and cropping. Among them, the L1GS level images collected by Landsat TM sensor were geo-registered using a second-order polynomial, and the error of the geo- registered images was less than one pixel. After image template matching with an orientation correlation algorithm, this data set provides the surface ice flow velocity of a typical surging glacier in the Greenland ice sheet, Sortebræ Glacier in different period from 1980s to 2020. It is expected to contribute to the research on the surging process of Sortebræ Glacier and the discussion on the mechanism of glacier surging in the context of global warming.
QIAO Gang , SUN Zixiang , YUAN Xiaohan
Pine Island Glacier, Swett Glacier, etc. are distributed in the basins of the Antarctic Ice Sheet 21 and 22, which is one of the areas with the most severe melting in the Southwest Antarctica. This dataset first uses Cryosat-2 data (August 2010 to October 2018) to establish a plane equation in each regular grid, taking into account terrain items, seasonal fluctuations, backscattering coefficients, wave front width, lifting rails and other factors, and calculates the elevation change of ice cover surface in the grid through least square regression. In addition, we used ICESat-2 data (October 2018 to December 2020) to calculate the surface elevation change during the two periods by obtaining the elevation difference at the intersection of satellite lifting orbits in each regular grid. The spatial resolution of surface elevation change data in two periods is 5km × 5km, the file format is GeoTIFF, the projection coordinate is polar stereo projection (EPSG 3031), and it is named by the name of the satellite altimetry data used. The data can be opened using ArcMap, QGIS and other software. The results show that the average elevation change rate of the region from 2010 to 2018 is -0.34 ± 0.08m/yr, which belongs to the area with severe melting. The annual average elevation change rate from October 2018 to November 2020 is -0.38 ± 0.06m/yr, which is in an intensified state compared with CryoSat-2 calculation results.
YANG Bojin , HUANG Huabing , LIANG Shuang , LI Xinwu
Global solar radiation at Qomolangma station (The Tibetan Plateau) is measured by radiation sensor (pyranometers CM22, Kipp & Zonen Inc., The Netherlands), and water vapor pressure (hPa) at the ground is measured by HMP45C-GM (Vaisala Inc., Vantaa, Finland). This dataset includes hourly solar radiation and its absorbing and scattering losses caused by the absorbing and scattering atmospheric substances (MJ m-2, 200-3600 nm), and the albedos at the top of the atmosphere and the surface. The above solar radiations are calculated by using an empirical model of global solar radiation (Bai, J.; Zong, X.; Ma, Y.; Wang, B.; Zhao, C.; Yang, Y.; Guang, J.; Cong, Z.; Li, K.; Song, T. 2022. Long-Term Variations in Global Solar Radiation and Its Interaction with Atmospheric Substances at Qomolangma. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19, 8906. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158906). The observed global solar radiation and meteorological variables are available at https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/zh-hans/data/b9ab35b2-81fb-4330-925f-4d9860ac47c3/. The data set can be used to study solar radiation and its attenuation at Qomolangma region.
BAI Jianhui
Based on the monthly precipitation data of 262 rain gauges, WRF and ERA5 precipitation data in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, the daily precipitation data with a resolution of 10km from 1951 to 2020 in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin and seven sub basins are reconstructed using random forest learning algorithm. This data has been verified by the single point of the station and performs well in terms of annual and seasonal changes. And the data has been reverse evaluated by the hydrological model, which is used to drive the VIC hydrological model to simulate the runoff change of Yajiang River basin and each sub basin, and verified by the measured runoff, MODIS and glacier cataloging data. On the basis of the original first edition, this data has considered the spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation, which can better describe the precipitation characteristics in alpine regions.
SUN He
Both a decrease of sea ice and an increase of surface meltwater, which may induce ice-flow speedup and frontal collapse, have a significant impact on the stability of the floating ice shelf in Greenland. However, detailed dynamic precursors and drivers prior to a fast-calving process remain unclear due to sparse remote sensing observations. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation on hydrological and kinematic precursors before the calving event on 26 July 2017 of Petermann Glacier in northern Greenland, by jointly using remote sensing observations at high-temporal resolution and an ice-flow model. Time series of ice-flow velocity fields during July 2017 were retrieved with Sentinel-2 observations with a sub-weekly sampling interval. The ice-flow speed quickly reached 30 m/d on 26 July (the day before the calving), which is roughly 10 times quicker than the mean glacier velocity.
JIANG Liming
The data include three files on the spatial variation of surface elevation of endorheic glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau from 1975-2000 (100m), the mean elevation change values of glaciers in each sub-basin of the endorheic region from 1975-2020, and the basin boundaries and zoning. The glacier surface elevation changes from 1975-2000 were obtained based on 32 pairs of KH-9 data and NASADEM, where the results for the Muzetag and Puruogangri areas were obtained from Zhou et al. (2018) and Bhattacharya et al. (2021) respectively The average elevation change results for each 5-year period from 1995-2020 for the respective basins were obtained based on data published by Huggonet et al. (2021), and here it is assumed that the glacier thickness changes from 1995-2000 are similar to those from 2000-2005. Due to the limitation of KH-9 data quality and the glacier characteristics in the instream area, there are many null areas, and it is recommended to combine the zoning and calculate the change results for each elevation zone first, and then project them to each sub-basin.
CHEN Wenfeng, ZHANG Guoqing
The data product of ice flow velocity field of Rayner Glacier in East Antarctica in 1963 based on ARGON historical remote sensing images. Using two declassified satellite images taken in 1963 with an interval of two months, the early ice flow velocity field of the Reina Glacier in eastern Antarctica is estimated by hierarchical matching based on parallax decomposition. The accuracy of the estimated velocity map can reach 70 m/year. A method for estimating the surface velocity of cooperative glaciers based on the parallax decomposition of optical stereo images. First, the image to be matched generates the core image and the pyramid of the core image; Next, the ice flow area mask is used to divide the image into ice flow area and non ice flow area for matching respectively. In addition to the normal matching steps, the ice flow area also needs to perform parallax demarcation to distinguish the impact of ice flow movement on terrain parallax. Finally, through layer by layer matching, we can get the DTM and ice flow diagram of the object side at the bottom. This data is of great significance for reconstructing the early surface morphology and ice flow velocity of Rayner Glacier in East Antarctica.
LI Rongxing , QIAO Gang , YE Wenkai
Based on ICESat r633 altimetry data from February 2004 to October 2008, the elevation changes of Lambert Glacier / Amery ice shelf system in Antarctica are obtained by using the repeated orbit plane fitting method. The GIA correction and projection area deformation correction are carried out with ij05 R2 model, and then 30km * 30km is obtained The surface elevation change rate of resolution is converted into material change by the grain snow density model, and compared with the Antarctic material change obtained by grace gravity satellite time-varying model.
XIE Huan, LI Rongxing
As the “water tower of Asia”, Tibetan Plateau (TP) are the resource of major rivers in Asia. Black carbon (BC) aerosol emitted from surrounding regions can be transported to the inner TP by atmospheric circulation and consequently deposited in snow, which can significantly influence precipitation and mass balance of glaciers. By drilling and sampling ice cores and snow samples and measuring BC concentration, historical record and spatial distribution can be abtained. It can provide basic dataset to study the effects of BC to the environment and climate over the Tibetan Plateau, as well as the pollutants transport.
XU Baiqing
The alpine region of Asia is the third pole in the world, and it is called the "Asian water tower". Affected by climate warming, glaciers continue to lose money, which has profoundly changed the supply-demand relationship of glacial water resources. In order to systematically understand the response of glaciers to climate change, the project reveals the relationship between the change of glacier material balance and climate factors through the sensitivity of glacier material balance. The data includes two maps: the sensitivity distribution map of material balance to temperature and precipitation and the climate sensitivity zoning. In the past 70 years, there have been significant differences in the evolution sequence of glacier material balance among mountain systems in the high mountain region of Asia. The glaciers in the Karakoram and West Kunlun regions have shown a stable state, and the material balance is a weak positive balance, while the Himalayas, Tianshan and Qilian Mountains have shown an accelerated trend after 1990. This is mainly due to the sensitivity of material balance to temperature and precipitation. The monthly scale material balance model is driven by 0.5 ° resolution era5 temperature and precipitation data, and the material balance calibration parameters of 43 monitored glaciers are 1 ° from 2000 to 2016 × The parameters are spatially constrained by the 1 ° aster material balance data, and the material balance sequences of 95085 glaciers in the high mountain region of Asia from 1951 to 2020 are reconstructed by using the method of extrapolation of spatial parameters. The sensitivity of glacier material balance to temperature (± 0.5K, ± 1K, ± 1.5k) and precipitation (± 10%, ± 20%, ± 30%) is analyzed, In combination with the influencing factors of glacier material balance (distribution of summer temperature, ratio of summer precipitation, distribution of glacier types, distribution of clear sky solar radiation in summer, etc.), the glacial climate sensitivity in the high mountain region of Asia is classified and divided into four categories, as shown in Fig. 4: the main control area of air temperature: the temperature is the main control factor of glacier material balance change, and precipitation occupies a secondary position; Precipitation control area: the glacier is mainly controlled by precipitation, and the temperature in the glacier area is lower than 0 ° C throughout the year; Temperature and precipitation control area of accumulated glacier in winter: refers to that the glacier is mainly supplied by precipitation in winter, and the change of material balance of the glacier is the result of the joint action of temperature and precipitation; Summer cumulative glacier temperature and precipitation control area: refers to the supply mode of glacier is summer precipitation, and the material balance of glacier is the result of the joint action of temperature and precipitation.
SHANGGUAN Donghui
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